"Effects of magnetic current" means "a current in a wire produces a magnetic field around it." The magnetic current was discovered by Oersted found that a wire with a current could deflect a magnetic needle. It concludes that the current in a wire always gives rise to a magnetic field around it, telephone and radio, all exploiting the magnetic effect of current.
At least the eighteenth century, people have tried to discover electricity and magnetism. Benjamin Franklin tried to put a spell on the discharge electric needle. Sir Edmund Whittaker, History of the classical theories of the Treaty of Aether and Electricity writes: "In 1774 the electoral law proposed by the Bavarian Academy of the question," Is there a similar strength and real physical electric and magnetic? "As the theme of the prize." In 1805 two French researchers sought to determine freely suspended voltaic pile self-directed in any direction fixed with respect to the ground. In 1807 Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851), professor of natural philosophy at the University of Copenhagen, has announced its intention to examine the effects of electricity from a magnetic compass needle.
Oersted did not intend to bear fruit for some time, but in July 1820, published a brochure describing the results of the experiments "were created in the kinds of electricity, galvanism, and magnetism, which were carried out by me in the winter just past. "
In these experiments, Oersted showed that a magnetic compass needle is subjected to a systematic pattern of forces on the closure of a circuit photovoltaic and direct electrical current. Note, we use the convention that electrical current flows from positive to negative terminal through the wire. [Demo Oersted experiment intact wire above the needle, thread below, vertical wire current and back]
After the discovery of Oersted, was once thought that the magnetic effect of current should produce copies of magnetism of iron, just like an ordinary magnet, and this was quickly revised.
Magnetic fields
The direction of the magnetic field due to current can be studied by tracing the lines of magnetic force. AB is a vertical wire passing through a horizontal board PQRS. ion deposits are scattered in the carton. The current passes through a battery connected to it. iron filings evenly across the board. When the compass needle is placed in the container, the direction of the needle indicates the direction of the magnetic field. Update on the cardboard where siturated the north pole of the needle is checked. The needle has shifted a bit to the South Pole takes the same position that was once North Pole. The North Pole is marked. If the current is strong lines will be circular. The arrows on the circular lines indicate the direction of the magnetic field.
The magnetic field lines due to straight wire
If the current direction is reversed, the lines are still around, but the direction is reversed lines, which can be verified by the compass needle.
Magnetic field
The magnetic field is defined in the area where the magnetic force is present. In a magnetic field, magnetic dipole (two equal and opposite charge or magnetic pole intermediate) experience by turning the power of that seeks to make it parallel to the field. The concept of magnetic field can be understood through the following activities:
* Put a piece of cardboard on the magnetic
* Sprinkle iron filings on the cardboard
* Press the box a little and do what you see
* Iron filings show the magnetic field magnet
Maxwell's Rule Right Handle
Direction of an electromagnetic field around the current wire windings of transport may be explained by a simple rule is known as Maxwell's right hand rule. If we consider the current carrying windings of wire with your right hand so the thumb is stretched along the direction of the current, then the curled fingers gives the direction of the magnetic field generated by power.
Rule of law Maxwell Mango
The magnetic field due to solenoid
After a long cord is wrapped form in the spring so that translations of closely spaced and isolated from each other, is a solenoid. In general, the yarn is wound on hollow cylindrical conductive tube. iron bar, it is often installed in a hollow tube. This auction is called the kernel.
Magnetic field due to a solenoid
The free ends of the solenoid is connected to a battery of passing the current in the coil. This produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field inside the coil is nearly constant in magnitude and direction. The current carrying solenoid produces a magnetic field corresponding to a bar magnet. One end of the solenoid is the north pole and the other end becomes a south pole.
The magnitude of the field depends on the following factors. The magnetic field is directly proportional to:
* The amount of current through the electromagnet
* The number of turns of the coil. It also depends on the raw material.
As the magnetic field created by the solenoid is temporary, used for the manufacture of electromagnets. Electromagnets are used in electric bells, cranes, etc.
The magnetic flux
The magnetic flux density can be considered as the concentration of field lines. We can increase strength by increasing one of the terms of the equation. If the coil of wire, increasing its length in the magnetic field.
If we look at the magnetic field of a solenoid, we know that it is like a bar magnet:
We can see that the magnetic field strength is uniform within the solenoid. However the flux density becomes less at the ends, as the field lines get spread out.
We need a term that tells us the number of field lines, and it is called the magnetic flux. It is given the physics code (‘Phi', a Greek capital letter ‘Ph'), and has the units Weber (Wb). The formal definition is:
The product between the magnetic flux density and the area when the field is at right angles to the area.
In code we write:
F = BA
Remember that flux density is the number of field line per unit area, not unit volume!
The flux linkage is the flux multiplied by the number of turns of wire. If each turn cuts (or links) flux F, the total flux linkage for N turns must be NF. We can also write this as NBA. In other words:
Flux linkage = number of turns of wire ´ magnetic field strength ´ area
Magnetic linkage
To investigate the links between the solar surface and corona and the fine-scale structure of the Sun's magnetized atmosphere on all scales requires the combined observations of VIM and EUI, together with observations of EUS exploring the energetics and dynamics through spectroscopy. The Solar Orbiter mission is needed to do this science because it offers a unique suite of capable instruments and unparalleled set of vantage points at high latitudes and in partial co-rotation.
These conditions will allow us to make high-resolution observations of the vector magnetic field together with plasma emission in the transition region and lower corona, which can not be done on any other ongoing or planned solar space mission. To establish the magnetic linkage, as well as its change by field line reconnection, between the photosphere, transition region and corona for various magnetic structures is a key objective.
It is already known from SOHO and TRACE observations that the main layer to be observed is the magnetic transition region (MTR, reaching up to about 10 Mm) that consists of small cool loops and tenuous funnels at temperatures of up to several 105 K. Below about 5 Mm the MTR is highly dynamic at scales of one second of arc and below (150 km pixel size of Solar Orbiter is ideal). As numerical simulations have shown, it is from the chromosphere to the middle MTR where reconnection (jets, explosive events) mostly take place as the result of magneto convection in the photosphere.
EUS instrument requirements
1. Emission line requirements
To diagnose adequately the MTR a long-wavelength channel is indispensable, which should contain reference lines at rest in the chromosphere for Doppler shift calibration and for co-alignment with the VIM context-magnetograms by means of pattern recognition, and which must provide a broad coverage in temperature from about 5 103 K to about 5 105 K (line ratios for density diagnostic desirable).
2. Spectral and spatial resolution requirements
We need to resolve the lines not only for intensity measurements, but their profiles need to be resolved in order to study the line widths and shift (flows and heating). There is a whole zoo of possible structures in the MTR which should be observed. Typically, for synergy the field of view of the EUI HRI should be covered. Special observations of an individual funnel, a bright point or granule, for example, would only require, say, a 3 × 3 arcsec2 field of view. Fast scanning capability of the spectrometer is essential for the study of dynamics.
3. Time resolution (incl. count rates)
Short exposure times (of order seconds) are needed to follow fast reconnection and quick topological changes of the field and the resulting variations in VUV emission in the lower TR.
Expression for the Force on moving charges particle in a magnetic field
Force on a charged particle
A charged particle moving in a B-field experiences a sideways force that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge of the particle. This force is known as the Lorentz force, and is given by
where F is the force, q is the electric charge of the particle, v is the instantaneous velocity of the particle, and B is the magnetic field (in teslas).
The Lorentz force is always perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field that created it. When a charged particle moves in a static magnetic field it will trace out a helical path in which the helix axis is parallel to the magnetic field and in which the speed of the particle will remain constant. No work will be done in this particular case scenario.
The Cyclotron
The largest particle accelerators have dimensions measured in miles. A cyclotron is a particle accelerator that is so compact that a bit of reality can fit in your pocket. Use electric and magnetic fields in a smart way to accelerate a charge in a small space.
A cyclotron consists of two D-shaped regions known as the "de". In each dee is a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the page. In the interval between the des, there is a uniform electric field pointing from one dee to the other. When a load is released from rest in a ditch has been accelerated by the electric field and transported to one of the "des". The magnetic field causes the load dee back after a semicircle of that gap.
Although the burden is on the dee electric field in the gap is reversed, so that the load is accelerated in space. The cycle continues with the magnetic field in the "des" and again that the burden of day before yesterday. Each time the charge crosses the gap accelerates. This makes the semicircle in the descriptions of increase in radius, and finally confirmed the cyclotron at high speed.
