Scientists looking for evidence of dark matter - the invisible substance thought to make up a large part of the universe - you can find a useful tool in recent work by researchers from Princeton University and the University of New York.
The team said in a report published in the journal Physical Review Letters this month and made a method for detecting the collision of stars in a kind of black hole that is difficult to achieve in the short list of the elements considered are the raw material black. This discovery could provide observational evidence of dark matter and provide a deeper understanding of how the universe.
Postdoctoral researchers Shravan Hanasoge Princeton Department of Geosciences and Michael Kesden NYU Center for cosmology and particle physics simulated the visible result of a black hole through an initial star. Theoretically, the remains of the Big Bang, primordial black holes have the properties of dark matter and is one of several cosmic objects believed to be the source of the mysterious substance, but they did not comply.
If primordial black holes are the source of dark matter, the large number of stars in the Milky Way - about $ 100 billion - is an inevitable encounter, the authors report. Unlike larger black holes, a black hole is not primordial "swallow" the star, but because of vibrations perceptible to the surface of the star when it passes through.
Thus, as the number of telescopes and satellites probing the distant stars in the Milky Way increases so do the chances of observing a black hole origin, as he slides safely across a galaxy of billions of stars, Hanasoge said. The computer model developed by Hanasoge Kesden and can be used with the current techniques of solar observation to provide a more accurate method for the detection of primordial black holes that existing tools.
"If astronomers just looked at the sun, the chances of observing a black hole of origin is not likely, but people are now looking at thousands of stars," said Hanasoge.
"It 'more a matter of what is dark matter and primordial black hole if it is to fit all the parameters - are the mass and strength, so that directly affect the other objects in the universe, and do not interact with the light of identification could have important implications for understanding early. the universe and dark matter. "
Although dark matter has not been directly observed, the galaxies are thought to reside in extended halos of dark matter on the basis of the documented effects of gravity, these halos are stars visible galaxies' and gas. Like other proposed dark matter candidates, blacks primordial holes are difficult to detect because they do not post or absorb light, the universe is just a smart move of subtle gravitational effects on nearby objects.
Like blacks primordial holes are heavier than the other candidates of dark matter, however, their interaction with the stars would be observable in present and future stars, observers said Kesden. Crossing the paths of the stars, primordial black hole, gravity would squeeze the star, and then when the black hole through ripple carry the Star of the surface as it snaps back into place.
"If you imagine biting into a balloon full of water and look inside the rippling water, which is similar to the way the surface of a star appears," said Kesden. "As for how to move the surface of a star, you can understand what is happening inside. If a black hole passes through, you can see the surface to vibrate."
Eyeing the solar surface for tips for dark matter
Kesden Hanasoge and used the sun as a model to calculate the effect of the first black hole in the surface of a star. Kesden whose research includes black holes and dark matter, calculated masses of the first black hole and the likely evolution of the object around the sun. Hanasoge studying seismology of the sun, earth and stars, worked the black hole effect on the solar surface vibration.
Video simulations of the researchers' calculations, was created by NASA Tim Sandstrom Pleiades supercomputer using the Center of the Ames Research Agency in California. One clip shows oscillations of the Sun's surface, like a primordial black hole - represented by a white trail - passes through its interior. Another film depicts the result of a hole, black grazing the solar surface.
Marc Kamionkowski, professor of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University, said that work is a tool to detect primordial black holes, which Hanasoge Kesden and gave a full and accurate method based on observations existing solar. A theoretical physicist known for his work with the large-scale structures and the beginnings of the universe, Kamionkowski had no role in the project but who are familiar with it.
"It was known that a black hole was a primary star, it would have an effect, but this is the first time that our calculations are numerically accurate," says Kamionkowski.
"It's a brilliant idea that takes advantage of the observations and the steps already taken by the Solar Physics. It is as if someone calls to say he could have a million dollars on the mat before. If it is not to be true, no will cost you nothing to see. In this case, could be the dark matter in the data sets of astronomers has made, why do not you see? "
An important aspect of technical Hanasoge Kesden and Kamionkowski says is that it shrinks a large hole in the ground can be detected by current methods of trolling for primordial black holes.
The search for primordial black holes have so far been limited to the masses are too small for a black hole, or so large that "these black holes would have disturbed galaxies in a terrible way we've seen," says Kamionkowski. "Primordial black holes have been neglected a bit and I think it's because there was no single, well-motivated idea how to find the range that could exist."
Current mass range, where blacks primordial holes could be detected based on the determination of the above direct and Hawking radiation - emission of holes blacks, because they evaporate from the gamma radiation - and the bending of light around a large object stellar Kesden said. The difference between the mass of these problems, however, is enormous, even the astronomical point of view. Hawking radiation can be detected only if the mass of evaporated black hole is less than 100 grams per quadrillion. At the other end, the goal should be more than 100 septillion (24 zeros) to bend visible light around it. Find a primordial blacks holes covered by a passing bus 1000000000, Kesden explained - very similar to finding an unknown object in the middle ground between the weight of a penny, dump trucks and mining.
Hanasoge him and suggests a technique to give this series a much needed finishing and set more specific parameters to find a primordial black hole. The couple found their simulations with a primordial black hole of more than one thousand trillion (21 zeros) grams - about the mass of the asteroid - would be to produce a significant effect on the surface of a star.
"Now that we know a primitive blacks holes can produce considerable vibration stars, we could try to watch a larger sample of stars beyond our sun," said Kesden.
"The Milky Way has 100 billion stars, including approximately 10,000 events should be detectable in our galaxy every year if only I knew where to look."
This research was funded by grants from NASA and James Arthur postdoctoral fellowship at the University of New York.
Observing a Black Hole Of Origin
